Focus Areas for One Health action
To support our comprehensive vision for future One Health action in the EU, we have also identified 10 focus areas for further consideration in the medium and long-term.
Please see below a non-exhaustive list of references for work in the relative focus areas.
1. Strengthening intersectoral Collaboration for One Health
The experience with zoonotic disease outbreaks
- Wildlife Health is essential for life on earth https://www.woah.org/en/what-we-do/animal-health-and-welfare/wildlife-health/
- Scientific article – Wildlife, Reservoir of Zoonotic Agents: Moving beyond Denial and Fear Wildlife, Reservoir of Zoonotic Agents: Moving beyond Denial and Fear – PMC (nih.gov)
- EFSA – The European Union One Health 2022 Zoonoses Report https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/plain-language-summary/european-union-one-health-2022-zoonoses-report
- US GAO – West Nile Virus Outbreak:Lessons for Public Health Preparedness, Report to Congressional Requesters West Nile Virus Outbreak: Lessons for Public Health Preparedness | U.S. GAO
- Scientific article – An outbreak of West Nile virus in New York City captive wildlife population (PDF) An outbreak of West Nile virus in New York City captive wildlife population (researchgate.net)
- MED-VET-NET: A Network of Excellence on foodborne zoonoses https://www.anses.fr/en/content/med-vet-net-network-excellence-foodborne-zoonoses
- Scientific article – Zoonotic Episodes of Scabies: A Global Overview Pathogens | Free Full-Text | Zoonotic Episodes of Scabies: A Global Overview (mdpi.com)
- One Health, emerging infectious diseases and wildlife: two decades of progress? One Health, emerging infectious diseases and wildlife: two decades of progress? – PMC (nih.gov)
- WOAH assumes chair of Quadripartite Secretariat, outlining vision for One Health collaboration WOAH assumes chair of Quadripartite Secretariat, outlining vision for One Health collaboration – WOAH – World Organisation for Animal Health
Healthy animals play an essential role in safeguarding the health of people and our planet
- AnimalhealthEurope – Our proof points project in collaboration with Oxford analytica How today’s animal health care is benefiting people, animals and our planet – AnimalhealthEurope
- AnimalhealthEurope – Our contribution “Healthy animals mean healthy people” https://animalhealtheurope.eu/our-contribution/healthy-animals-mean-healthy-people/
- AnimalhealthEurope – Our contribution “Healthy animals for safe food and healthier people…” https://animalhealtheurope.eu/our-contribution/healthy-animals-safe-food/
- HealthforAnimals – One World, One Health https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uodJ1-cgAW4
- Op ed – Why healthy animals lead to healthy consumers in Europe https://www.euronews.com/green/2021/05/29/why-healthy-animals-lead-to-healthy-consumers-in-europe
- Op ed – Animal health focus: Well-managed and healthy livestockhttps://www.openaccessgovernment.org/healthy-livestock/92596/
- Op ed – Why the pandemic should give pause for thought over sustainable pet ownership https://www.europeanscientist.com/en/features/why-the-pandemic-should-give-pause-for-thought-over-sustainable-pet-ownership/
- WOAH – The integration of biodiversity into One Health WOAH Documentary Portal – Record
- Call to Action “Harmonizing Animal Welfare in the EU: A One Health Imperative” https://eur05.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.wixstatic.com%2Fugd%2F3a523d_e05acb88bb1f4aa385a00fd7a4a4d649.pdf&data=05%7C02%7Cd.teixeira%40animalhealtheurope.eu%7C68fa33f417a3412a7bf108dc89f93190%7C5587138f08554935be1acbecc61716af%7C0%7C0%7C638536953010794593%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=0IpNUo9hU5ZepMM0oAnmWA%2F3suqoS18fWl%2BYoyRNhn4%3D&reserved=0
Occupational diseases
- Scientific article – Detection of Bartonella Species in the Blood of Veterinarians and Veterinary Technicians: A Newly Recognized Occupational Hazard? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4117269/
- Scientific article – Systematic review and meta-analysis of veterinary-related occupational exposures to hazards https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350241925_Systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_veterinary-related_occupational_exposures_to_hazards
- Scientific article – Occupational health and safety in small animal veterinary practice: Part I — Nonparasitic zoonotic diseases Occupational health and safety in small animal veterinary practice: Part I — Nonparasitic zoonotic diseases – PMC (nih.gov)
- Scientific article – Occupational health and safety in small animal veterinary practice: Part II — Parasitic zoonotic diseases Occupational health and safety in small animal veterinary practice: Part II–Parasitic zoonotic diseases – PubMed (nih.gov)
- Scientific article – Zoonoses: an occupational hazard for livestock workers and a public health concern for rural communities https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20836437/
- Health risks for veterinary students in training https://issuu.com/ivsajve/docs/ivsa_jve_4 (p. 68 – 78)
- European Agency for Safety and Health at Work European Agency for Safety & Health at Work – Information, statistics, legislation and risk assessment tools. (europa.eu)
- European Forum of the Insurance against Accidents at Work and Occupational Diseases Home – European Forum
Intersectoral learning and encouragement of progress
- Zoobiquity Zoobiquity
- One Health training and research activities in Western Europe Full article: One Health training and research activities in Western Europe (tandfonline.com)
- Scientific article – An integrated inventory of One Health tools: Mapping and analysis of globally available tools to advance One Health https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabionehealth.2024.0017
- Scientific article – Advancing One Health: Updated core competencies Advancing One Health: Updated core competencies | CABI One Health (cabidigitallibrary.org)
- Letta report – Much more than a market https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/ny3j24sm/much-more-than-a-market-report-by-enrico-letta.pdf
Pre and post graduate educational systems
- Scientific article – One Health Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Veterinary Education Establishments in Europe: Mapping Implementation and Reflecting on Promotion https://jvme.utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/jvme-2020-0019
- Opinion – Let’s arm our children with powerful “One Health” knowledge Let’s arm our children with powerful “One Health” knowledge (lymedisease.org)
Speak with one voice and promote shared messages
- FVE and CPME – Ensuring health & sustainability in Europe: doctors and veterinarians emphasize “prevention is better than cure”. Conclusions from One Health Conference https://www.fve.org/cms/wp-content/uploads/Draft-conclusions_One-Health_FINAL.pdf
- Tripartite and UNEP support OHHLEP’s definition of “One Health” https://www.who.int/news/item/01-12-2021-tripartite-and-unep-support-ohhlep-s-definition-of-one-health
2. Ensuring territorial cooperation and harmonisation
- Scientific article – One Health surveillance – More than a buzz word? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25722055/
- One Health Systems Mapping and Analysis Resource Toolkit (OH-SMART) https://oh-smart.umn.edu/
- Quadripartide – A Guide to Implementing the One Health Joint Plan of Action at National Level https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/374825/9789240082069-eng.pdf?sequence=1
- OHHLEP – Inventory of One Health tools and resources is accessible for capacity assessment and One Health operationalization to build into national One Health action plans with guidance for countries https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/ohhlep-inventory-of-one-health-tools
- WVA Position paper on one health https://worldvet.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/WVA-Position-Statement-One-Health_web.pdf
- International Standard Classification of Occupations, defining vets as health professionals https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—dgreports/—dcomm/—publ/documents/publication/wcms_172572.pdf
- One Health Consensus Report Annotation Checklist (OH-CRAC): A cross-sector checklist to support harmonized annotation of surveillance data in reports https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zph.12947
- Ontology http://datadrivensurveillance.org/ontology/
- Scientific article – Roadmap to a One Health Agenda 2030 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316841993_Roadmap_to_a_One_Health_Agenda_2030
- One Health Initiative https://onehealthinitiative.com/mission-statement/
Eradication of diseases:
- WOAH – Riderpest https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Media_Center/docs/pdf/Disease_cards/RINDERPEST-EN.pdf
- WOAH – Ten years on, Rinderpest eradication highlights the value of vaccines https://www.woah.org/en/article/ten-years-on-rinderpest-eradication-highlights-the-value-of-vaccines/
- WHO – Smallpox Smallpox (who.int)
Zoonotic potential:
- Can Lumpy Skin Disease be Considered a Zoonosis? https://pubs.sciepub.com/ajidm/11/1/3/index.html
- WOAH – Lumpsy Skin Disease https://www.woah.org/app/uploads/2021/03/lumpy-skin-disease.pdf
- Scientific article – Zoonotic infections by avian influenza virus: changing global epidemiology, investigation, and control https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1473309924002342
- FAO – Global Avian Influenza Viruses with Zoonotic Potential situation update https://www.fao.org/animal-health/situation-updates/global-aiv-with-zoonotic-potential/en
- WHO – Influenza (avian and other zoonotic) https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(avian-and-other-zoonotic)
- EFSA Journal – Drivers for a pandemic due to avian influenza and options for One Health mitigation measures
- WOAH – Animal health, A multifaceted challenge: Animal health as a Global Public Good https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Media_Center/docs/pdf/Key_Documents/ANIMAL-HEALTH-EN-FINAL.pdf#:~:text=A%20Global%20Public%20Good%20benefits%20all%20countries%20and,animal%20disease%20early%20detection%20and%20rapid%20response%20mechanisms.
- Zoonotic Events and the Human-animal Interface Data by WHO region GHO | By category | Zoonotic Events and the Human-animal Interface – Data by WHO region
- A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries Tripartite Zoonosis Guide (TZG) (who.int)
- About Zoonotic Diseases | One Health | CDC
- Scientific article – SpillOver: A new tool for ranking the risk of viral spillover to humans using big data https://www.frontiersin.org/10.3389%2Fconf.fvets.2019.05.00068/event_abstract
- Hepatitis E Virus in the Wild Boar Population: What Is the Real Zoonotic Risk in Portugal? https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373548692_Hepatitis_E_Virus_in_the_Wild_Boar_Population_What_Is_the_Real_Zoonotic_Risk_in_Portugal
3Rs in Animal Science:
- Researching, developing and manufacturing animal medicines https://animalhealtheurope.eu/focus-areas/researching-developing-and-manufacturing-animal-medicines/
- Our 3Rs commitment – Replacing Reducing, and Refining animal studies (includes success stories and projects in progress) https://animalhealtheurope.eu/focus-areas/researching-developing-and-manufacturing-animal-medicines/our-3rs-commitment-replacing-reducing-and-refining-animal-studies/
- Infographic – Our 3Rs commitment https://animalhealtheurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/3Rs-AnimalhealthEurope.png
- VICH – Batch safety testing harmonisation https://www.vichsec.org/en/guidelines/biologicals/bio-safety/target-animal-batch-safety.html
- Statement of Principle for VICH – Alternatives to Animal Testing https://www.vichsec.org/en/library/vich-statements.html
- VICH training materials https://www.vichsec.org/en/training/general-training-material.html
3. Exploring the potential of the human-animal bond
Supporting sustainable communities:
- PetPower benefits – what the science says https://pet-power.eu/pet-benefits/
- Healthy pets for happy families https://animalhealtheurope.eu/our-contribution/healthy-pets-happy-families/
- Scientific article – The Pet-Effect in Daily Life: An Experience Sampling Study on Emotional Wellbeing in Pet Owners https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342831187_The_Pet-Effect_in_Daily_Life_An_Experience_Sampling_Study_on_Emotional_Wellbeing_in_Pet_Owners
- Fediaf – Pets in society: health benefits https://europeanpetfood.org/pets-in-society/health-benefits/
- AVMA – The Healthy Pets Healthy Families initiative as an example of one health in action The Healthy Pets Healthy Families initiative as an example of one health in action in: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Volume 247 Issue 2 () (avma.org)
- Op ed – Why the pandemic should give pause for thought over sustainable pet ownership https://www.europeanscientist.com/en/features/why-the-pandemic-should-give-pause-for-thought-over-sustainable-pet-ownership/
- US National Institutes of Health – The Power of Pets: Health Benefits of Human-Animal Interactions https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/02/power-pets
- IAHAIO International Association of Human-Animal Interactions Organisations https://iahaio.org/
- The connection between pets and domestic abuse https://www.dogstrustfreedom.org.uk/refer-a-client/pets-and-domestic-abuse-, https://redrover.org/domestic-violence-and-pets/ https://newscenter.purina.com/2023-04-20-Domestic-Violence-Victims-Should-Not-Have-to-Leave-Their-Pets-Behind
- Companion Animals Stakeholder Summit https://www.euractiv.com/section/agriculture-food/video/companion-animals-stakeholder-summit/
- Op ed – One Health and the Human-Animal Bond https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/one-health-human-animal-bond-roethlisberger-feller–nyise/
Upholding mental health in farming communities:
- OSHA Work related psyco-social risk factors and mental health https://osha.europa.eu/en/themes/psychosocial-risks-and-mental-health
- Work related psyco-social risk factors and mental health in agriculture – preliminary findings from EU OSHA Study presented at the SafeHabitus Policy Seminar “Mental health and well-being of EU farmers” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b–wj4f9lVw
- Stamping Out Animal Culling: From Anthropocentrism to One Health Ethics https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10806-021-09868-x
- Buffaloes culling Brucellosis: breeders, 13 thousand buffaloes slaughtered in 2022 – Mondo Agricolo – Ansa.it Atti Parlamentari (camera.it)
- Scientific article – Brucellosis is a public health problem in southern Italy: Burden and epidemiological trend of human and animal disease Brucellosis is a public health problem in southern Italy: Burden and epidemiological trend of human and animal disease – ScienceDirect
4. Identifying and filling research gaps
In animal health products development and approval
- The Marketing Authorisation process for animal medicines in Europe https://animalhealtheurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Marketing-Authorisation-BrochureFINAL.pdf
- Researching, developing and manufacturing animal medicines https://animalhealtheurope.eu/focus-areas/researching-developing-and-manufacturing-animal-medicines/
- Licencing animal medicines https://animalhealtheurope.eu/focus-areas/licencing-animal-medicines/
- Pharmacovigilance https://animalhealtheurope.eu/focus-areas/pharmacovigilance/
- The new veterinary medicines rules for the EU and where we are now after two years https://animalhealtheurope.eu/resources/publications/annual-report-2023/
- Connected Animal Health Platform https://connectedhealth.animalhealtheurope.eu/
- STAR IDAZ European Regional Network https://www.star-idaz.net/category/regional-networks/europe/
- STAR IDAZ Coordinating animal health research globally to accelerate delivery of disease control tools and strategies – STAR-IDAZ
- DISCONTOOLS Database https://www.discontools.eu/database.html
- HealthforAnimals – Global Benchmarking Survey 2020 – Impact on competitiveness of the Animal Health Industry https://animalhealtheurope.eu/resources/publications/global-benchmarking-survey-2020-impact-on-competitiveness-of-the-animal-health-industry/
In comparative medicine
- Scientific article – One health, one literature: Weaving together veterinary and medical research https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26333932/c
- Scientific article – A New Decade of Veterinary Research: Societal Relevance, Global Collaboration and Translational Medicine https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672166/
- Scientific article – Animals as sentinels: using comparative medicine to move beyond the laboratory Animals as sentinels: using comparative medicine to move beyond the laboratory – PubMed (nih.gov)
- Scientific article – Dragonfly’s Metabolic Disease Provides Clues About Human Obesity Dragonfly’s Metabolic Disease Provides Clues About Human Obesity | ScienceDaily
- Scientific article – Companion animals in comparative oncology: One Medicine in action Companion animals in comparative oncology: One Medicine in action – ScienceDirect
- Scientific article – Mammography and ultrasound imaging of preinvasive and invasive canine spontaneous mammary cancer and their similarities to human breast cancer Mammography and ultrasound imaging of preinvasive and invasive canine spontaneous mammary cancer and their similarities to human breast cancer – PubMed (nih.gov)
- Scientific article – Comparative Histopathology of Grey-Horse-Melanoma and Human Malignant Melanoma https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51371810_Comparative_Histopathology_of_Grey-Horse-Melanoma_and_Human_Malignant_Melanoma
5. Support Research and Development efforts, and encourage the uptake of research
- DIAH Conference – Discovery to Innovation in Animal Health https://www.diah-conference.com/presentations-diah-2024
- EMA – Limited markets Reflection paper on classification of a product as intended for a limited market according to Article 4(29) and/or eligibility for authorisation according to Article 23 (Applications for limited markets) (europa.eu)
- The Economics of Antibiotic Resistance https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/economics-antibiotic-resistance.pdf
- European Commission – Why does research and innovation on animals and health matter? Animals and health – European Commission (europa.eu)
- Issues and special features of animal health research Issues and special features of animal health research | Veterinary Research | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)
6. Recognising the essential role of Animal Medicines and leveraging synergies between human and animal pharmaceuticals
- Five points for developing an instrument on pandemic prevention, preparedness and response https://animalhealtheurope.eu/resources/papers/five-points-for-developing-an-instrument-on-pandemic-prevention-preparedness-and-response/
- HealthforAnimals – Innovation in animal health: Historic success, current challenges & future opportunities innovation-in-animal-health-.pdf (healthforanimals.org)
- Op ed – Time to give animal vaccination a booster https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/partner/article/time-to-give-animal-vaccination-a-booster
- Cancer clues from pet dogs https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17144356/
- Scientific article – Translational oncotargets for immunotherapy: From pet dogs to humans Translational oncotargets for immunotherapy: From pet dogs to humans – PubMed (nih.gov)
- Scientific article – Translation of new cancer treatments from pet dogs to humans Translation of new cancer treatments from pet dogs to humans – PubMed (nih.gov)
7. Raising public awareness and animal health literacy
Consumer awareness
Health literacy on veterinary medicines
- EMA – Veterinary medicines in the EU Veterinary medicines in the EU – EN version (youtube.com)
New companion animals
- Fediaf – Facts & Figures 2022 https://europeanpetfood.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/FEDIAF-Facts-Figures-2022_Online100.pdf
- Captive Reptile Mortality Rates in the Home and Implications for the Wildlife Trade Captive Reptile Mortality Rates in the Home and Implications for the Wildlife Trade | PLOS ONE
- ExNOTic: Should We Be Keeping Exotic Pets? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28629177/
Transition from a curative to a preventive medicine
- Animal health visits: prevention is better than cure Exec-Summ-FVE-AHL-survey_R5.pdf AHVisits_Summary_R21.pdf (fve.org)
8. Transitioning to Sustainable Food Production
Better animal disease management
- AnimalhealthEurope – Healthy animals, healthier people and a healthier planet The European animal health industry’s sustainability focus animalhealtheurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/AnimalhealthEurope_SustainabilityFocusbrochure.pdf
- The impact of controlling diseases of significant global importance on greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production https://onehealthoutlook.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42522-023-00089-y
- Economic losses due to Johne’s disease (paratuberculosis) in dairy cattle https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33455766/
- Costs And Benefits of the Improvement of Biosecurity on Pig and Broiler Farms https://healthylivestock.net/cms/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/costs-and-benefits-of-the-improvement-of-biosecurity-on-pig-and-broiler-farms.pdf
More equality in food systems
- Wildmeat consumption and zoonotic spillover: contextualising disease emergence and policy responses https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(22)00064-X/fulltext
- EPIZONE European Research Group – FAQ: DIVA vaccines and diagnostics https://www.epizone-eu.net/en/home/show/faq-diva-vaccines-and-diagnostics.htm
- Euroviews – How animal health is the forgotten factor in producing affordable, safe food for Europe https://www.euronews.com/2019/06/05/how-animal-health-is-the-forgotten-factor-in-producing-affordable-safe-food-for-europe-vie
- Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hotspots https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/5166fc6a-b112-458a-bbbc-ec06f8a2be5d/content
9. Raising awareness on Responsible Use of medicines
- Regulation (EU) 2019/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on veterinary medicinal products and repealing Directive 2001/82/EC (OJ L 4, 7.1.2019, p. 43) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02019R0006-20220128&qid=1706879834713
- ESVAC report https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/veterinary-regulatory-overview/antimicrobial-resistance-veterinary-medicine/european-surveillance-veterinary-antimicrobial-consumption-esvac-2009-2023
- Trends in Animal Antibiotic Use Trends in Animal Antibiotic Use – Europe – AnimalhealthEurope
- Responsible Use of Antibiotics in Animals Contributes to One Health Action: https://animalhealtheurope.eu/resources/press-releases/responsible-use-of-antibiotics-in-animals-contributes-to-one-health-action/
- Preserving antibiotics: Animal health sector united and supporting Europe’s farmers in responsible use efforts: https://animalhealtheurope.eu/resources/press-releases/preserving-antibiotics-animal-health-sector-united-and-supporting-europes-farmers-in-responsible-use-efforts/
- Ban on antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed enters into effect https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_05_1687
- A European One Health Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018IP0354&from=EN
- COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION on stepping up EU actions to combat antimicrobial resistance in a One Health approach (2023/C 220/01) Council Recommendation on stepping up EU actions to combat antimicrobial resistance in a One Health approach (europa.eu)
- HealthforAnimals – Roadmap to Reducing the Need for Antibiotics in Animals Roadmap to Reducing the Need for Antibiotics in Animals (healthforanimals.org)
- EPRUMA Best practices guides https://epruma.eu/home/best-practice-guides/
- EPRUMA – Fact sheet: Approaches for veterinary pharmaceutical waste reduction and correct disposal at the prescriber and user level https://epruma.eu/home/best-practice-guides/other-publications/fact-sheet-approaches-for-veterinary-pharmaceutical-waste-reduction-and-correct-disposal-at-the-prescriber-and-user-level/
10. Improving One Health approaches to Disease Preparedness, Surveillance, Early Detection and Capacity Response
Encourage financial investments to increase preventative approaches to disease control
- Let us stop the next pandemic today Let us stop the next pandemic today – Euractiv
Invest in laboratory diagnostic capacities
- Global trends in emerging infectious diseases https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06536
- AnimalhealthEurope facts and figures https://animalhealtheurope.eu/facts-and-figures/
- Williman Project https://www.wiliman-id.eu/
- PREZODE https://prezode.org/